{"id":8687,"date":"2024-02-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-02-14T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/uz-je-jasne-preco-maju-muzi-lepsi-orientacny-zmysel-ako-zeny-s-evoluciou-to-nesuvisi\/"},"modified":"2024-02-15T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2024-02-14T23:00:00","slug":"uz-je-jasne-preco-maju-muzi-lepsi-orientacny-zmysel-ako-zeny-s-evoluciou-to-nesuvisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/uz-je-jasne-preco-maju-muzi-lepsi-orientacny-zmysel-ako-zeny-s-evoluciou-to-nesuvisi\/","title":{"rendered":"U\u017e je jasn\u00e9, pre\u010do maj\u00fa mu\u017ei lep\u0161\u00ed orienta\u010dn\u00fd zmysel ako \u017eeny: S evol\u00faciou to nes\u00favis\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hoci to samozrejme neplat\u00ed \u00faplne u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, mnoho vedeck\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed nazna\u010dilo, \u017ee mu\u017ei maj\u00fa skuto\u010dne o nie\u010do lep\u0161\u00ed orienta\u010dn\u00fd zmysel ako \u017eeny. Najnov\u0161ie poznatky ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee je to pravdepodobne sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 rozdielmi vo v\u00fdchove.<\/strong> Lep\u0161ie naviga\u010dn\u00e9 schopnosti tak zrejme nie s\u00fa evolu\u010dn\u00fdm rysom, informuje magaz\u00edn New Scientist.<\/p>\n

Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face \u0161t\u00fadie zistili, \u017ee v \u00faloh\u00e1ch zis\u0165uj\u00facich schopnosti priestorovej navig\u00e1cie mu\u017ei mierne prevy\u0161uj\u00fa \u017eeny. Niektor\u00ed vedci sa domnievali, \u017ee to m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 evol\u00faciou, preto\u017ee v prehistorick\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch mu\u017ei obvykle prekon\u00e1vali pri love ve\u013ek\u00e9 vzdialenosti, zatia\u013e \u010do \u017eeny sa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou zdr\u017eiavali bli\u017e\u0161ie k domovu.<\/strong> Pr\u00e1ve to mohlo vies\u0165 k selek\u010dn\u00e9mu tlaku, aby sa u mu\u017eov vyvinuli lep\u0161ie naviga\u010dn\u00e9 schopnosti.<\/p>\n Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face \u0161t\u00fadie zistili, \u017ee v \u00faloh\u00e1ch zis\u0165uj\u00facich schopnosti priestorovej navig\u00e1cie mu\u017ei mierne prevy\u0161uj\u00fa \u017eeny. Zdroj: unsplash.com\n

M\u00f4\u017ee za to v\u00fdchova?<\/h3>\n

Ak by za t\u00fdm bola evol\u00facia, potom by sa tieto g\u00e9ny museli pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 aj na potomkov \u017eensk\u00e9ho pohlavia<\/strong> \u2013 teda v pr\u00edpade, \u017ee by neboli obsiahnut\u00e9 v chromoz\u00f3me Y \u2013 vysvet\u013euje Justin Rhodes z Illinoiskej univerzity v Urbana-Champaign. \u201eT\u00fdm spr\u00e1vnym d\u00f4vodom je teda v\u00fdchova,\u201c<\/em> <\/strong>hovor\u00ed. \u201ePr\u00e1ve t\u00e1 hr\u00e1 obrovsk\u00fa \u00falohu v tom, \u010do mu\u017ei a \u017eeny vn\u00edmaj\u00fa.\u201c<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Chlapci m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 napr\u00edklad povzbudzovan\u00ed k hre vonku viac ako diev\u010dat\u00e1, \u010do im m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00e1ha\u0165 zdokona\u013eova\u0165 ich naviga\u010dn\u00e9 schopnosti,<\/strong> je presved\u010den\u00fd Rhodes. V r\u00e1mci presk\u00famania tejto my\u0161lienky zhroma\u017edil so svojimi kolegami \u00fadaje o 21 druhoch zvierat, vr\u00e1tane \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 obsahovali inform\u00e1cie o ich schopnostiach orient\u00e1cie v priestore a o tom, ako \u010faleko sa v priemere vz\u010fa\u013euj\u00fa od svojich domovov.<\/p>\n

\u201eDomnel\u00e1 v\u00fdhoda samcov v orienta\u010dn\u00fdch schopnostiach je najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00edm zdokumentovan\u00fdm rozdielom medzi pohlaviami<\/strong> a bola pozorovan\u00e1 aj u in\u00fdch zvierat. Zvy\u010dajn\u00e1 interpret\u00e1cia predpoklad\u00e1, \u017ee sa t\u00e1to v\u00fdhoda u samcov vyvinula ako adapt\u00edvna reakcia na rozdiely vo ve\u013ekosti domovsk\u00e9ho okrsku.\u201c<\/em> uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa odborn\u00edci vo vedeckej pr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n

Pokia\u013e by sa jednalo o prirodzen\u00fd v\u00fdber, dalo by sa o\u010dak\u00e1va\u0165, \u017ee pohlavie, ktor\u00e9 sa obvykle pohybuje \u010falej od domova, bude ma\u0165 naprie\u010d druhmi lep\u0161ie orienta\u010dn\u00e9 schopnosti. Skuto\u010dnos\u0165 v\u0161ak bola in\u00e1. U v\u0161etk\u00fdch druhov boli samce v priestorovej orient\u00e1cii o nie\u010do lep\u0161ie ako samice,<\/strong> a to napriek tomu, \u017ee u niektor\u00fdch druhov, ako je rak rusobok\u00fd a pralesni\u010dka pralesn\u00e1, sa samice pohybovali vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej vzdialenosti od domova.<\/p>\n Chlapci m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 napr\u00edklad povzbudzovan\u00ed k hre vonku viac ako diev\u010dat\u00e1… Zdroj: unsplash.com\n

Z\u00edskan\u00e9 schopnosti<\/h3>\n

Tieto zistenia nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee rozdiely v orienta\u010dn\u00fdch schopnostiach medzi mu\u017emi a \u017eenami m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 pr\u00ed\u010dinu vo v\u00fdchove.<\/strong> M\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 tie\u017e ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinkom biologick\u00fdch rozdielov medzi oboma pohlaviami. Napr\u00edklad hormon\u00e1lne rozdiely \u201em\u00f4\u017eu ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165 cel\u00fd rad vlastnost\u00ed\u201c, podot\u00fdka Rhodes. \u201eAk tieto vlastnosti nebr\u00e1nia rozmno\u017eovaniu, evol\u00facii to nevad\u00ed.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

Jeho slov\u00e1 potvrdzuje aj jedna z predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed zaoberaj\u00facich sa rozdielmi v priestorovej orient\u00e1cii medzi mu\u017emi a \u017eenami. Experimentu sa vtedy z\u00fa\u010dastnili mu\u017ei a \u017eeny s podobnou v\u00fdchovou, pri\u010dom z h\u013eadiska t\u00fdchto zru\u010dnost\u00ed nebol zisten\u00fd \u017eiadny rozdiel.<\/p>\n

\u201eAutori ve\u013emi komplexne ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee rozdiely medzi pohlaviami v priestorov\u00fdch schopnostiach s\u00fa sk\u00f4r z\u00edskan\u00e9, napr\u00edklad prostredn\u00edctvom v\u00fdchovy,\u201c<\/em> <\/strong>kon\u0161tatuje Antoine Coutrot z franc\u00fazskeho N\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho centra pre vedeck\u00fd v\u00fdskum. \u201eSo schopnos\u0165ami orient\u00e1cie v priestore je to podobn\u00e9 ako so v\u0161etk\u00fdmi kognit\u00edvnymi schopnos\u0165ami. \u010c\u00edm viac ich pou\u017e\u00edvate, t\u00fdm viac ich m\u00e1te.\u201c<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

V s\u00falade s predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facimi v\u00fdsledkami teda vedci na\u0161li len m\u00e1lo d\u00f4kazov o s\u00favislostiach medzi rozdielmi v priestorovej navig\u00e1cii a ve\u013ekos\u0165ou domovsk\u00e9ho okrsku. Odli\u0161nosti s\u00fa pod\u013ea nich dan\u00e9 sk\u00f4r sk\u00fasenos\u0165ami.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010co sa t\u00fdka \u017eien, tie\u017e maj\u00fa hne\u010f nieko\u013eko schopnost\u00ed, v ktor\u00fdch maj\u00fa oproti mu\u017eom navrch. \u017deny disponuj\u00fa vo v\u0161eobecnosti lep\u0161ou vizu\u00e1lnou pam\u00e4\u0165ou, maj\u00fa viac empatie, trpezlivosti aj lep\u0161ie komunika\u010dn\u00e9 schopnosti.<\/strong> Medzi ich prednosti patr\u00ed aj dobr\u00e1 schopnos\u0165 pl\u00e1nova\u0165 \u010di organizova\u0165,<\/strong> \u010do m\u00f4\u017eu mnoh\u00ed mu\u017ei ur\u010dite potvrdi\u0165 aj z vlastnej sk\u00fasenosti.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hoci to samozrejme neplat\u00ed \u00faplne u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, mnoho vedeck\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed nazna\u010dilo, \u017ee mu\u017ei maj\u00fa skuto\u010dne o nie\u010do lep\u0161\u00ed orienta\u010dn\u00fd zmysel ako \u017eeny. Najnov\u0161ie poznatky ukazuj\u00fa,<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8687","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8687","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8687"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8687\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8687"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8687"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8687"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}