{"id":8760,"date":"2024-04-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-04-26T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/tyfus-alkohol-ci-politicky-vrah-co-skutocne-odpravilo-jedneho-z-najvacsich-spisovatelov-dejin\/"},"modified":"2024-04-27T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2024-04-26T23:00:00","slug":"tyfus-alkohol-ci-politicky-vrah-co-skutocne-odpravilo-jedneho-z-najvacsich-spisovatelov-dejin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/tyfus-alkohol-ci-politicky-vrah-co-skutocne-odpravilo-jedneho-z-najvacsich-spisovatelov-dejin\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fdfus, alkohol \u010di politick\u00fd vrah? \u010co skuto\u010dne odpravilo jedn\u00e9ho z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch spisovate\u013eov dej\u00edn?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>23. apr\u00edla 1616<\/strong> zomrel vo svojom<strong> rodnom meste Stratford-upon-Avon<\/strong> anglick\u00fd b\u00e1snik a dramatik William Shakespeare vo veku p\u00e4\u0165desiatdva rokov.<\/p>\n<p>His<strong> smr\u0165 nastala v de\u0148 alebo bl\u00edzko jeho naroden\u00edn<\/strong> (presn\u00fd d\u00e1tum jeho narodenia zost\u00e1va nezn\u00e1my).<\/p>\n<p>Traduje sa legenda, \u017ee<strong> ochorel a zomrel po preh\u00fdrenej noci n\u00e1ru\u017eiv\u00e9ho pitia s dvoma \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi spisovate\u013emi<\/strong>, Benom Jonsonom a Michaelom Drayton.<\/p>\n<p>Hoci Shakespeare po\u010das svojho \u017eivota dosiahol ur\u010dit\u00fa mieru uznania a finan\u010dn\u00e9ho \u00faspechu, <strong>p\u00edsanie diel pre javisko sa v \u010dase jeho smrti e\u0161te nepova\u017eovalo za seri\u00f3znu umeleck\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bol teda <strong>vn\u00edman\u00fd sk\u00f4r ako bohat\u00fd star\u0161\u00ed p\u00e1n, ne\u017e ako celebrita<\/strong> &#8211; to sa odzrkadlilo aj na skromnosti jeho pohrebu.<\/p>\n<p>Po\u010das nieko\u013ek\u00fdch rokov po jeho smrti v\u0161ak Shakespearovi <strong>priatelia a obdivovatelia za\u010dali kl\u00e1s\u0165 z\u00e1klady jeho liter\u00e1rnej nesmrte\u013enosti.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n Shakespearov\u00e1 socha v Lond\u00fdne.\n<h3>Kliatba uvalen\u00e1 na hrob<\/h3>\n<p>25. marca, takmer mesiac pred smr\u0165ou, urobil z\u00e1vet, v ktorom o sebe hovor\u00ed, \u017ee je\u00a0<strong>&#8222;v dokonalom zdrav\u00ed a pam\u00e4ti, nech je Boh chv\u00e1len\u00fd&#8220;.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Toto bola typick\u00e1 fr\u00e1za a nemus\u00ed to nevyhnutne znamena\u0165, \u017ee u\u017e <strong>nepoci\u0165oval pr\u00edznaky choroby, ktor\u00e1 sa nesk\u00f4r stala smrte\u013enou. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Na Shakespearovom pam\u00e4tn\u00edku, ktor\u00fd st\u00e1le stoj\u00ed v kostole Najsv\u00e4tej\u0161ej Trojice v Stratforde nad Avonou, sa uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee zomrel 23. apr\u00edla.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jeho n\u00e1hrobok, pod pam\u00e4tn\u00edkom, neobsahuje jeho meno<\/strong>, ale u\u017e od roku 1656 sa verilo, \u017ee ide o Shakespearov n\u00e1hrobok, a je prv\u00fd v rade, ktor\u00fd pripom\u00edna \u010fal\u0161\u00edch \u010dlenov jeho rodiny.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1hrobok hovor\u00ed: &#8222;Dobr\u00fd priate\u013e, pre l\u00e1sku k Je\u017ei\u0161ovi nekop v tomto hrobe, po\u017eehnan\u00fd je ten, kto \u0161etr\u00ed tieto kamene, a nech je prekliaty ten, kto pohne mojimi kos\u0165ami.&#8220;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pre\u010do Shakespeare pova\u017eoval za potrebn\u00e9 uvali\u0165 na jeho hrob kliatbu,<\/strong> aby odpla\u0161il potenci\u00e1lnych zlodejov \u010di hrob\u00e1rov?<\/p>\n<p>Jednou z te\u00f3ri\u00ed je Shakespearov<strong> strach z kostnice.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V tom \u010dase bolo<strong> be\u017enou praxou, \u017ee kosti m\u0155tvych boli exhumovan\u00e9<\/strong>, aby sa vytvoril priestor pre nov\u00e9 hroby.<\/p>\n<p>Exhumovan\u00e9 <strong>pozostatky boli ulo\u017een\u00e9 v kostnici. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V kostole Najsv\u00e4tej\u0161ej Trojice bola kostnica ve\u013emi bl\u00edzko miesta posledn\u00e9ho odpo\u010dinku Shakespeara.<\/p>\n<p>Shakespearove <strong>negat\u00edvne pocity z kostnice sa v jeho hr\u00e1ch opakovali ve\u013emi \u010dasto.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n Legenda, ktor\u00e1 bude v\u010faka svojim dielam nav\u017edy \u017eiv\u00e1. Zdroj: smithsonianmag.com\n<h3>D\u00f4vod jeho smrti dodnes nie je zn\u00e1my, existuje v\u0161ak nieko\u013eko kon\u0161pir\u00e1cii, ktorej z nich ver\u00edte?<\/h3>\n<p>Bol pr\u00edli\u0161 mlad\u00fd na smr\u0165 &#8211;\u00a0Shakespeare <strong>zomrel vo veku iba 52 rokov. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ak zoberieme do \u00favahy fakt, \u017ee bol na konci svojho \u017eivota bohat\u00fdm mu\u017eom, je to <strong>pre neho pomerne n\u00edzky vek na smr\u0165.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Medzi mnoh\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky a kon\u0161pira\u010dn\u00e9 te\u00f3rie sa radia napr\u00edklad tieto: <strong>Chytil syfilis z \u010dias svojho pobytu v lond\u00fdnskych verejn\u00fdch domoch? Bol zavra\u017eden\u00fd?<\/strong> Bol to skuto\u010dne pochovan\u00fd on alebo i\u0161lo o fingovan\u00fa smr\u0165?<\/p>\n<p>S istotou sa to u\u017e asi nikdy nedozvieme.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Te\u00f3ria o politickom \u00fateku<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1to te\u00f3ria tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee Shakespeare bol<strong> zapleten\u00fd do politick\u00fdch intr\u00edg a musel unikn\u00fa\u0165 pred svojimi nepriate\u013emi,<\/strong> ktor\u00ed ho sledovali.<\/p>\n<p>Pod\u013ea tejto te\u00f3rie bol jeho \u00fadajn\u00fd pohreb <strong>len fingovan\u00fdm \u00fatekom a on \u017eil svoj zvy\u0161ok \u017eivota pod falo\u0161nou toto\u017enos\u0165ou.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Te\u00f3ria o otrave<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Jednou z popul\u00e1rnych verzi\u00ed je, \u017ee<strong> bol otr\u00e1ven\u00fd ortu\u0165ou.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Najpravdepodobnej\u0161ia te\u00f3ria pr\u00edli\u0161 poctivej p\u00e1rty<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Denn\u00edk Johna Warda, b\u00fdval\u00e9ho vik\u00e1ra kostola Najsv\u00e4tej\u0161ej Trojice<strong>, zaznamen\u00e1va nieko\u013eko podrobnost\u00ed o Shakespearovej smrti<\/strong>, hoci bol nap\u00edsan\u00fd asi 50 rokov po udalosti.<\/p>\n<p>Rozpr\u00e1va o Shakespearovom \u201eveselom stretnut\u00ed\u201c s jeho liter\u00e1rnymi lond\u00fdnskymi priate\u013emi, <strong>Michaelom Draytonom a Benom Jonsonom, ktor\u00e9 doprev\u00e1dzali kvant\u00e1 alkoholu.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V z\u00e1pisoch sa uv\u00e1dza:<\/p>\n<p>&#8222;Shakespeare, Drayton a Jonson mali bujar\u00e9 stretnutie a zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee pili pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ea, preto\u017ee Shakespear<strong> zomrel na n\u00e1kazu, ktor\u00fa tam dostal &#8211; ke\u010f\u017ee jeho telo bolo oslaben\u00e9 kv\u00f4li vysok\u00e9mu mno\u017estvu alkoholu.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Existuj\u00fa d\u00f4kazy, ktor\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee Shakespeare bol <strong>medzi t\u00fdmto stretnut\u00edm a jeho smr\u0165ou nieko\u013eko t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov chor\u00fd.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Niektor\u00ed vedci<strong> maj\u00fa podozrenie na t\u00fdfus. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V Shakespearov\u00fdch \u010dasoch by to<strong> zostalo nediagnostikovan\u00e9 a sp\u00f4sobilo by to vysok\u00fa hor\u00fa\u010dku.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nech je to ako chce, Shakespeare <strong>naveky ost\u00e1va jedn\u00fdm z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch spisovate\u013eov a umelcov a jeho diela s\u00fa nad\u010dasov\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>23. apr\u00edla 1616 zomrel vo svojom rodnom meste Stratford-upon-Avon anglick\u00fd b\u00e1snik a dramatik William Shakespeare vo veku p\u00e4\u0165desiatdva rokov. Jeho smr\u0165 nastala v de\u0148 alebo<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8760","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8760"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8760\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8760"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8760"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8760"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}