{"id":8799,"date":"2024-06-15T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-06-14T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/zahadne-hrobky-slavnych-1-cast\/"},"modified":"2024-06-15T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2024-06-14T23:00:00","slug":"zahadne-hrobky-slavnych-1-cast","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/zahadne-hrobky-slavnych-1-cast\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 hrobky sl\u00e1vnych (1.\u010das\u0165)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Od \u00fasvitu civiliz\u00e1cie \u013eudstvo ukladalo svojich najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch vodcov do hrobiek, ktor\u00e9 boli \u010dasto rovnako ve\u013ekolep\u00e9 a tajomn\u00e9, ako \u017eivoty<\/strong> t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed v nich odpo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n

Tieto hrobky, roztr\u00fasen\u00e9 po celom svete, s\u00fa svedectvom o moci, bohatstve a kult\u00farnom dedi\u010dstve starovek\u00fdch civiliz\u00e1ci\u00ed. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak ost\u00e1vaj\u00fa zahalen\u00e9 r\u00fa\u0161kom tajomstva, ktor\u00e9 po st\u00e1ro\u010dia fascinuj\u00fa historikov<\/strong>, archeol\u00f3gov i \u0161irok\u00fa verejnos\u0165. Tu s\u00fa niektor\u00e9 z nich.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n Ve\u013ekolepos\u0165 a strach s\u00fa kokteil em\u00f3ci\u00ed cis\u00e1rovej hrobky. Zdroj: shutterstock.com\n

Mauz\u00f3leum prv\u00e9ho cis\u00e1ra Qin (Xi’an, \u010c\u00edna)<\/h3>\n

Prv\u00fd \u010d\u00ednsky cis\u00e1r Qin Shi Huang (cca 259 \u2013 210 p.n.l.) zjednotil \u010c\u00ednu do jedn\u00e9ho politick\u00e9ho celku. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Na celom \u00fazem\u00ed \u0161tandardizoval p\u00edsma, v\u00e1hy, miery a mince a za jeho vl\u00e1dy boli postaven\u00e9 cesty, opevnenia<\/strong> a hlavn\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 m\u00fary.<\/p>\n

Najp\u00f4sobivej\u0161\u00edm architektonick\u00fdm projektom, ktor\u00fd si cis\u00e1r objednal, bol v\u0161ak jeho vlastn\u00fd rozsiahly pohrebn\u00fd komplex. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Hrobky \u010d\u00ednskych cis\u00e1rov a vysok\u00fdch \u00faradn\u00edkov boli navrhnut\u00e9 tak, aby replikovali ich \u017eivot na zemi.<\/p>\n

Be\u017en\u00e9 potreby, so\u0161ky predstavuj\u00face predkov, hudobn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, man\u017eelky, kurtiz\u00e1ny<\/strong> a \u010dlenovia dvora sa \u010dasto pochov\u00e1vali spolu so zosnul\u00fdm.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mauz\u00f3leum je vraj miniat\u00farnym zobrazen\u00edm vesm\u00edru.<\/strong><\/p>\n

8 000 vojakov sl\u00e1vnej terakotovej arm\u00e1dy v \u017eivotnej ve\u013ekosti<\/strong> bolo modelovan\u00fdch pod\u013ea \u013eudsk\u00fdch post\u00e1v a dr\u017eia skuto\u010dn\u00e9 me\u010de a kopije na ochranu cis\u00e1rovej nekropoly.<\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd vojak dostal jedine\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdraz tv\u00e1re, ktor\u00fd vytv\u00e1ra realistick\u00fd dojem<\/strong> individuality.<\/p>\n

Aby vyzerali e\u0161te autentickej\u0161ie, zbrane, oble\u010denie a \u00fa\u010desy sa l\u00ed\u0161ia od jedn\u00e9ho vojaka k druh\u00e9mu.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00e1to rozsiahla terakotov\u00e1 arm\u00e1da sved\u010d\u00ed o absol\u00fatnej moci a ve\u013ek\u00fdch amb\u00edci\u00e1ch prv\u00e9ho cis\u00e1ra \u010c\u00edny.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n Katakomby Kom el-\u0160okafa. Zdroj: bunniktours.com.au\n

Katakomby Kom el-\u0160okafa (Alexandria, Egypt)<\/h3>\n

Alexandria bola zalo\u017een\u00e1 a pomenovan\u00e1 na po\u010des\u0165 Alexandra Ve\u013ek\u00e9ho<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd v 4. storo\u010d\u00ed p.n.l. dobyl Egypt. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Mesto sa presl\u00e1vilo svojou n\u00e1dhernou kni\u017enicou a maj\u00e1kom (jeden zo siedmich divov starovek\u00e9ho sveta)<\/strong>, hoci ani jeden z nich sa nezachoval.<\/p>\n

V roku 1900 bol znovuobjaven\u00fd labyrint katakomb<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd mohol p\u00f4vodne za\u010da\u0165 ako s\u00fakromn\u00e1 rodinn\u00e1 hrobka, ale vyvinul sa v najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu gr\u00e9cko-r\u00edmsku nekropolu v krajine.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Komplex bol vykopan\u00fd do h\u013abky pribli\u017ene 35 metrov, s troma \u00farov\u0148ami miestnost\u00ed a tunelov. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Tel\u00e1 sa sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ali \u0161achtou<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 bola obohnan\u00e1 to\u010dit\u00fdm schodiskom pre n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edkov.<\/p>\n

Dekor\u00e1cie v katakomb\u00e1ch s\u00fa nezvy\u010dajnou zmesou staroegyptsk\u00fdch a gr\u00e9cko-r\u00edmskych mot\u00edvov<\/strong> a t\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

Napr\u00edklad egyptsk\u00fd boh Anubis, ktor\u00fd bol spojen\u00fd s ritu\u00e1lmi pre m\u0155tvych<\/strong>, je zobrazen\u00fd ako r\u00edmsky legion\u00e1r v brnen\u00ed, zatia\u013e \u010do obrovsk\u00e9 hady a hlavy Med\u00fazy vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa priam filmov\u00fa atmosf\u00e9ru. <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010cas\u0165 komplexu bola zasv\u00e4ten\u00e1 gr\u00e9ckej bohyni Nemesis.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Maced\u00f3nske kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e9 hrobky (Verghina, Gr\u00e9cko)<\/h3>\n

V dedinke Verghina bol v roku 1977 uroben\u00fd \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd archeologick\u00fd n\u00e1lez.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Oblas\u0165 bola miestom starobylej kr\u00e1\u013eovskej metropoly Maced\u00f3nie, Aigai, a bola os\u00eddlen\u00e1 u\u017e od doby bronzovej. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Po st\u00e1ro\u010dia prekvitala a stala sa s\u00eddlom bohat\u00fdch maced\u00f3nskych kr\u00e1\u013eov. <\/strong><\/p>\n

V roku 1977 objavil gr\u00e9cky archeol\u00f3g Manolis Andronikos mno\u017estvo hrobiek a predov\u0161etk\u00fdm impozantn\u00fa mohylu, o ktorej sa domnieval, \u017ee obsahuje pozostatky ve\u013ek\u00e9ho maced\u00f3nskeho kr\u00e1\u013ea Filipa II., otca Alexandra Ve\u013ek\u00e9ho. <\/strong><\/p>\n

V dvojkomorovej hrobke bola zlat\u00e1 truhla nes\u00faca embl\u00e9m maced\u00f3nskej kr\u00e1\u013eovskej rodiny a obsahovala kostru mu\u017ea. <\/strong><\/p>\n

V susednej komore boli pozostatky \u017eeny v podobnej truhle.<\/p>\n

Nasleduj\u00face vykop\u00e1vky odhalili \u010fal\u0161iu hrobku podobn\u00e9ho stavu, o ktorej sa predpokladalo, \u017ee patr\u00ed Alexandrovi IV., synovi Alexandra Ve\u013ek\u00e9ho. <\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci, ktor\u00ed datovali prv\u00fa hrobku do roku 317 pred n. l., v\u0161ak vyjadrili pochybnosti o Andronikosovej identifik\u00e1cii Filipa II., a pozostatky m\u00f4\u017eu namiesto toho patri\u0165 Filipovi III., nelegit\u00edmnemu synovi Filipa II.<\/p>\n

Napriek kontroverzii ni\u010d neuber\u00e1 na d\u00f4le\u017eitosti tohto n\u00e1lezu, k \u010domu navy\u0161e hrobka obsahuje mno\u017estvo artefaktov a n\u00e1dhern\u00e9 n\u00e1stenn\u00e9 ma\u013eby v \u017eiariv\u00fdch farb\u00e1ch.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vykop\u00e1vky a n\u00e1lezy na tomto mieste patria k najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm modern\u00fdm objavom. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Hrobky boli v roku 1996 zaraden\u00e9 do zoznamu svetov\u00e9ho dedi\u010dstva UNESCO.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n Naqsh-e Rostam. Zdroj: irandoostan.com\n

Naqsh-e Rostam (bl\u00edzko \u0160ir\u00e1zz\u00e1du, Ir\u00e1n)<\/h3>\n

Naqsh-e Rostam je starobyl\u00e9 archeologick\u00e9 miesto nach\u00e1dzaj\u00face sa pribli\u017ene 12 kilometrov od mesta Persepolis v Ir\u00e1ne.<\/p>\n

It is home \u0161tyroch ve\u013ek\u00fdch kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00fdch hrobiek<\/strong> vytesan\u00fdch do skaln\u00fdch \u00fatesov.<\/p>\n

Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee s\u00fa to hrobky v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch achaimenovsk\u00fdch kr\u00e1\u013eov, vr\u00e1tane Dareia I., Xerxesa I., Artaxerxesa I. a Dareia II.<\/strong> Tieto hrobky s\u00fa postaven\u00e9 vysoko nad zemou, \u010do dod\u00e1va miestu majest\u00e1tny vzh\u013ead.<\/p>\n

Hrobky maj\u00fa tvar kr\u00ed\u017ea<\/strong>, pri\u010dom dlh\u00e9 horizont\u00e1lne ramen\u00e1 predstavuj\u00fa vchod do hrobky a vertik\u00e1lne rameno predstavuje samotn\u00fa pohrebn\u00fa komoru. Tento architektonick\u00fd \u0161t\u00fdl je unik\u00e1tny pre Naqsh-e Rostam.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 hrobky a reli\u00e9fy vytesan\u00e9 do sk\u00e1l<\/strong> v Naqsh-e Rostam, z\u00edskali svoj modern\u00fd perzsk\u00fd n\u00e1zov zo stredovek\u00fdch pr\u00edbehov o perzskom hrdinovi Rostamovi.<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f arabsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy priniesli v 7. storo\u010d\u00ed do Perzie islam, mnoho pohansk\u00fdch monumentov bolo zni\u010den\u00fdch. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Nesk\u00f4r perzsk\u00ed u\u010denci us\u00fadili, \u017ee reli\u00e9fy predstavuj\u00fa islamsk\u00e9ho hrdinu Rostama<\/strong> a zachovali ich.<\/p>\n

Dnes je zn\u00e1me, \u017ee reli\u00e9fy, ktor\u00e9 obklopuj\u00fa skaln\u00e9 hrobky v strmej skalnej stene, predstavuj\u00fa prv\u00e9 a posledn\u00e9 f\u00e1zy tohto kr\u00e1\u013eovstva. <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Od \u00fasvitu civiliz\u00e1cie \u013eudstvo ukladalo svojich najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch vodcov do hrobiek, ktor\u00e9 boli \u010dasto rovnako ve\u013ekolep\u00e9 a tajomn\u00e9, ako \u017eivoty t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed v nich odpo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00fa. Tieto<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8799","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8799","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8799"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8799\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8799"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8799"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8799"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}