{"id":8810,"date":"2024-07-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-06-30T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/uncategorized\/vedeli-ste-ze-lavaci-tvoria-iba-10-percent-populacie-vedci-odhalili-co-je-za-tym\/"},"modified":"2024-07-01T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2024-06-30T23:00:00","slug":"vedeli-ste-ze-lavaci-tvoria-iba-10-percent-populacie-vedci-odhalili-co-je-za-tym","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/archiv\/vedeli-ste-ze-lavaci-tvoria-iba-10-percent-populacie-vedci-odhalili-co-je-za-tym\/","title":{"rendered":"Vedeli ste, \u017ee \u013eav\u00e1ci tvoria iba 10 percent popul\u00e1cie? Vedci odhalili, \u010do je za t\u00fdm"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00edm holandsk\u00fdch vedcov z In\u0161tit\u00fatu Maxa Plancka sa zaoberal ot\u00e1zkou, \u010do u \u013eud\u00ed ovplyv\u0148uje lateralitu (dominanciu alebo preferenciu jednej strany). <strong>Sk\u00famali genetick\u00e9 mut\u00e1cie z gen\u00f3mov viac ako 350-tis\u00edc \u013eud\u00ed a chceli n\u00e1js\u0165 stopy dokazuj\u00face, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e9 aspekty DNA ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa, ktor\u00fa ruku uprednost\u0148ujeme pri z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch \u00fakonoch,<\/strong> p\u00ed\u0161e port\u00e1l smithsonianmag.com odvol\u00e1vaj\u00faci sa na odborn\u00fd magaz\u00edn nature.com.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Zistili, \u017ee to, ktor\u00e1 ruka je dominantn\u00e1, ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa tubul\u00edny \u2013 prote\u00edny, ktor\u00e9 vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa vn\u00fatorn\u00fa kostru buniek.<\/strong> Pod\u013ea Wikip\u00e9die je tubul\u00edn <em>\u201edim\u00e9rny prote\u00edn, skladaj\u00faci sa z dvoch podjednotiek \u2013 alfa-tubul\u00ednu a beta-tubul\u00ednu. Je predov\u0161etk\u00fdm z\u00e1kladnou zlo\u017ekou mikrotubulov a tieto tvoria d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 cytoskeletu eukaryotick\u00fdch buniek.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"#Why is only 10 percent of the population left-handed?\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/RY2LFC1iHb4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>V r\u00f4znych k\u00fatoch sveta sa percent\u00e1 \u013eav\u00e1kov l\u00ed\u0161ia<\/h3>\n<p>Autori \u0161t\u00fadie vysvet\u013euj\u00fa, \u017ee v embryon\u00e1lnom \u0161t\u00e1diu v\u00fdvoja \u010dloveka sa \u013eav\u00e1 a prav\u00e1 strana mozgu zap\u00e1jaj\u00fa odli\u0161ne. Tieto rozdiely n\u00e1sledne ved\u00fa k tomu, \u017ee <strong>\u013eudia maj\u00fa v priebehu svojho v\u00fdvoja \u0161pecifick\u00e9 preferencie \u2013 napr\u00edklad ku ktorej strane sa nakl\u00e1\u0148aj\u00fa, ke\u010f sa obj\u00edmaj\u00fa, na ktorej strane \u00fast maj\u00fa tendenciu \u017eu\u0165 a ktorou rukou dr\u017eia ceruzku alebo pero.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u013dav\u00e1 ruka je dominantn\u00e1 iba u 10 percent svetovej popul\u00e1cie, av\u0161ak<strong> skuto\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det \u013eavoruk\u00fdch sa m\u00f4\u017ee v r\u00f4znych regi\u00f3noch sveta pohybuje 2 do 14 percent.<\/strong> Vedci predpokladaj\u00fa, \u017ee rozdiely odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa vynucovanie pou\u017e\u00edvania pravej ruky v niektor\u00fdch kult\u00farach, aj u n\u00e1s bolo v minulosti be\u017en\u00e9 \u201epreu\u010dovanie \u013eav\u00e1kov.\u201c<\/p>\n<p><strong>Predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faca \u0161t\u00fadia, ktor\u00fa vykonali pred \u0161tyrmi rokmi, spojila \u013eavorukos\u0165 so 48 g\u00e9nov\u00fdmi mut\u00e1ciami.<\/strong> V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z nich sa nach\u00e1dzala v oblastiach DNA, ktor\u00e9 neobsahuj\u00fa g\u00e9ny pre tvorbu prote\u00ednov, ale m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 regula\u010dn\u00e9 funkcie a podie\u013ea\u0165 sa na riaden\u00ed g\u00e9novej expresie. Pod\u013ea vedcov i\u0161lo o \u00faseky, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu riadi\u0165 g\u00e9ny s\u00favisiace s tubul\u00ednmi.<\/p>\n<p>Tubul\u00edny s\u00fa dlh\u00e9 trubicovit\u00e9 vl\u00e1kna, ktor\u00e9 riadia tvar a pohyby buniek. V novej \u0161t\u00fadii genet\u00edk a tie\u017e neurol\u00f3g Clyde Francks uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee mikrotubuly zrejme ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa, ktor\u00e1 ruka je dominantn\u00e1, preto\u017ee tvoria riasinky \u2013 vl\u00e1skom podobn\u00e9 objekty v bunkovej membr\u00e1ne, ktor\u00e9 po\u010das v\u00fdvoja \u010dloveka usmer\u0148uj\u00fa tok tekut\u00edn.<\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdsledky \u0161t\u00fadie<\/h3>\n<p>Francks so svojim t\u00edmom d\u00f4kladne sk\u00famal genetick\u00e9 \u00fadaje 313 271 prav\u00e1kov a 38 043 \u013eav\u00e1kov z britskej Biobanky. <strong>Aby sa predi\u0161lo skresleniu genetickej asoci\u00e1cie, definovali \u0161tyri samostatn\u00e9, geneticky homog\u00e9nne skupiny jedincov, a to s \u00e1zijsk\u00fdmi predkami, \u010derno\u0161sk\u00fdmi predkami, \u010d\u00ednskymi predkami a bielymi predkami.<\/strong> Ako sa n\u00e1sledne uk\u00e1zalo, miera \u013eavorukosti sa medzi t\u00fdmito skupinami l\u00ed\u0161ila.<\/p>\n<p>Anal\u00fdza objavila konkr\u00e9tne mut\u00e1cie v beta-tubul\u00ednovom g\u00e9ne TUBB4B, ktor\u00e9 boli u \u013eav\u00e1kov 2,7-kr\u00e1t \u010dastej\u0161ie ako u prav\u00e1kov. T\u00e1to skuto\u010dnos\u0165 m\u00f4\u017ee poukazova\u0165 na \u00falohu mikrotubulov a prote\u00ednov s nimi spojen\u00fdch v rozvoji laterality mozgu. <strong>Hoci sa t\u00e1to \u0161t\u00fadia t\u00fdkala relat\u00edvne mal\u00e9ho po\u010dtu \u013eud\u00ed, vz\u00e1cne genetick\u00e9 varianty m\u00f4\u017eu napoveda\u0165 o v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch mechanizmoch mozgovej asymetrie u \u010dloveka.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tieto genetick\u00e9 mut\u00e1cie boli spojen\u00e9 s rozdielmi v \u0161trukt\u00fare mozgu, najm\u00e4 v bielej hmote, ktor\u00e1 obsahuje cytoskelet mozgu sp\u00e1jaj\u00facej oblasti s\u00favisiace s jazykom. <strong>\u0160t\u00fadia okrem in\u00e9ho nazna\u010duje, \u017ee \u013eavoruk\u00ed jedinci m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 v\u00fdhodu pri vykon\u00e1van\u00ed verb\u00e1lnych \u00faloh.<\/strong><\/p>\n \u013dav\u00e1ci tie\u017e \u010dasto zast\u00e1vaj\u00fa vysok\u00e9 posty \u010di politick\u00e9 funkcie. Zdroj: unsplash.com\n<h3>Maj\u00fa \u013eav\u00e1ci bli\u017e\u0161ie k umeniu?<\/h3>\n<p>Aj ke\u010f medzi umelcami je skuto\u010dne ve\u013ea \u013eav\u00e1kov, <strong>priamy s\u00favis s pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm \u013eavej ruky a umeleck\u00fdmi sklonmi \u017eiadna \u0161t\u00fadia zatia\u013e nepotvrdila.<\/strong> V\u0161eobecne sa v\u0161ak hovor\u00ed, \u017ee t\u00edto \u013eudia s\u00fa kret\u00edvnej\u0161\u00ed a preto s\u00fa prirodzene \u00faspe\u0161nej\u0161\u00ed v oblasti umenia \u010di hudby, ale \u010dasto tie\u017e zast\u00e1vaj\u00fa vysok\u00e9 posty \u010di politick\u00e9 funkcie.<\/p>\n<p>K sl\u00e1vnym a \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fdm \u013eav\u00e1kom patria napr\u00edklad: <strong>Vincent van Gogh, Michelangelo Buonarroti, Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein, Marie Curie, Paul McCartney, Ringo Star, Kurt Cobaina, David Bowieh, ale napr\u00edklad aj Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg \u010di b\u00fdval\u00ed prezidenti USA Bill Clinton a Barack Obama.<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00edm holandsk\u00fdch vedcov z In\u0161tit\u00fatu Maxa Plancka sa zaoberal ot\u00e1zkou, \u010do u \u013eud\u00ed ovplyv\u0148uje lateralitu (dominanciu alebo preferenciu jednej strany). Sk\u00famali genetick\u00e9 mut\u00e1cie z gen\u00f3mov<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8810","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archiv","two-columns"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8810","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8810"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8810\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8810"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8810"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/instrid.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8810"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}